What is the function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

The function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is to execute instructions. The CPU is often referred to as the brain of the computer, as it carries out the fundamental operations required for processing data and running programs. It interprets and executes commands from software applications, performing calculations, logic operations, and control tasks necessary for the system to function correctly.

When a program runs, the CPU fetches instructions from memory, decodes them to understand what action is required, and then executes them in order. This execution can involve arithmetic operations, data manipulation, and communication with other hardware components (like memory and storage). The speed and efficiency of a computer largely depend on the performance of its CPU, as it determines how swiftly and effectively programs can run.

While storing data, displaying graphics, and generating sound are essential tasks in computing, these functions are handled by different components such as storage devices, graphics processing units (GPUs), and sound cards, respectively, rather than the CPU itself. Each of these components plays a crucial role in the overall operation of a computing system, but the CPU is uniquely responsible for executing instructions.