What is the function of an IP address?

The function of an IP address is to uniquely identify a device on a network. Every device connected to a network, whether it's a computer, smartphone, or printer, is assigned a specific IP address to ensure that data sent over the network reaches the correct destination. This uniqueness is crucial for the routing processes that determine where packets of data should be sent, allowing devices to communicate effectively.

In a network, when data is transmitted, it is addressed using the IP addresses of the sender and the recipient. This way, when information is sent from one device to another, the network knows exactly where to deliver it, avoiding confusion and potential data loss.

Other options describe different aspects of computer networking but do not capture the primary role of an IP address. Connecting devices to the internet refers to broader networking functions, providing network security involves encryption and firewalls, and managing server resources pertains to load balancing and resource allocation rather than identification. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the fundamental purpose of an IP address in networking.