What is a data structure?

A data structure refers to a way of organizing and accessing data systematically to enable efficient retrieval and modification. It serves as the backbone of data management in programming and computer science, allowing developers to handle data in a structured manner. By using various types of data structures, such as arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs, programs can optimize performance in terms of speed and memory usage when it comes to storing and processing data.

For instance, if a program needs to manage a large amount of information, choosing the right data structure can make it significantly easier and faster to search for specific data, sort items, or implement complex algorithms. The systematic organization provided by data structures allows for logical relationships between the data elements, which is crucial for operations such as insertion, deletion, and traversal.

In contrast, options like documenting code, programming languages, or types of software testing do not define data structures, as they pertain to other aspects of software development and computer science. The focus on organization and access in option B identifies its role and importance in managing data efficiently.