What describes 'big data'?

'Big data' refers to large and complex data sets that traditional data processing applications struggle to manage efficiently. The inherent qualities of big data include not just the volume of data—meaning it consists of massive amounts of information—but also its variety and velocity. This complexity often necessitates advanced analytical tools and technologies, such as distributed computing and specialized software, to extract valuable insights.

In contrast, the other options present misleading definitions. Describing big data as small datasets undermines its very nature, which is rooted in scale. Stating that big data can only be stored on a single server contradicts the distributed nature of big data storage solutions that leverage multiple servers for handling large volumes. Lastly, limiting the definition of big data only to data collected for academic research overlooks the vast applications of big data across diverse fields such as business, healthcare, and social media, where data is gathered for a myriad of purposes beyond just academic interests.