What components are included in the Von Neumann architecture?

The Von Neumann architecture is a foundational concept in computer science that describes a system model which organizes computer components. The correct components included in this architecture are the processor (which executes instructions), memory (specifically RAM, which stores data and instructions while a program is running), and input/output devices that allow communication with the external environment.

The processor is essential as it performs the arithmetic and logical operations necessary for program execution. RAM serves as the primary memory where the data is temporarily stored, making it critical for the moment-to-moment operations of the computer. Input devices, such as keyboards and mice, enable user interaction, while output devices, like monitors and printers, present the results of computations to the user.

In contrast, the other choices include components that do not align with the traditional Von Neumann architecture. For instance, program files and ROM are not part of the architecture; program files are just collections of instructions stored on storage devices, and ROM is typically used for firmware rather than for tasks dynamically handled by the CPU and RAM. Similarly, options including network cards or backup devices are peripherals that extend functionality but are not considered core components of the Von Neumann model itself.